Arduino ATMEGA328 SMD Breadboard User Manual
Fetileview
Arduino Uno ke boto ea microcontroller e thehiloeng ho ATmega328 (datasheet). E na le 14 digital input / output pins (tseo 6 e ka sebelisoa e le liphello tsa PWM), 6 analog inputs, 16 MHz kristale oscillator, USB connection, jack power, header ICSP, le konopo reset. E na le tsohle tse hlokahalang ho tšehetsa microcontroller; e hokela komporong ka thapo ea USB kapa u e fe matla ka adaptara ea AC-to-DC kapa betri ho qala. Uno e fapana le liboto tsohle tse fetileng ka hore ha e sebelise chip ea FTDI USB-to-serial driver. Sebakeng seo, e na le Atmega8U2 e hlophisitsoeng e le sesebelisoa sa USB-to-serial. "Uno" e bolela e le 'ngoe ka Setaliana mme e rehiloe ho tšoaea tokollo e tlang ea Arduino 1.0. Uno le mofuta oa 1.0 e tla ba mefuta ea litšupiso ea Arduino, e hatelang pele. Uno ke ea morao-rao letotong la liboto tsa USB Arduino, le mohlala oa litšupiso bakeng sa sethala sa Arduino; bakeng sa papiso le liphetolelo tse fetileng, bona index ea liboto tsa Arduino.
Kakaretso
- Microcontroller ATmega328
- Tshebetso Voltag5V
- Keletso Voltage (e khothalelitsoe) 7-12V
- Keletso Voltage (meeli) 6-20V
- Digital I/O Pins 14 (tseo 6 tsa tsona di fana ka tlhahiso ya PWM)
- Lithako tsa Analog 6
- DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
- DC Hajoale bakeng sa 3.3V Pin 50 mA
- Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) eo 0.5 KB e sebelisoang ke bootloader.
- SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
- EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
- Oache Lebelo 16 MHz
Moralo oa Schematic & Reference
NTSU files: Arduino-uno-reference-design.zip
Sekema: arduino-uno-schematic.pdf
Matla
Arduino Uno e ka tsamaisoa ka khokahano ea USB kapa ka phepelo ea motlakase e kantle. Matla a mohloli a khethoa ka bohona. Matla a kantle (eseng a USB) a ka tsoa ho adaptara ea AC-to-DC (wall-wart) kapa betri. Adapter e ka hokeloa ka ho hokela polaka ea 2.1mm center-positive jekeng ea matla ea boto. Likarolo tse tsoang betiring li ka kenngoa lihloohong tsa phini tsa Gnd le Vin tsa sehokelo sa POWER. Boto e ka sebetsa ho phepelo ea kantle ea li-volts tse 6 ho isa ho tse 20. Haeba e fanoe ka tlase ho 7V, leha ho le joalo, pinana ea 5V e ka fana ka tlase ho li-volts tse hlano 'me boto e ka' na ea se ke ea tsitsa. Haeba o sebelisa ho feta 12V, voltage regulator ka 'na overheat le senya boto. Mefuta e khothalletsoang ke 7 ho ea ho 12 volts.
Lithako tsa motlakase ke tse latelang:
- VIN. Kenyelletso voltage ho boto ea Arduino ha e sebelisa mohloli oa matla o kantle (ho fapana le li-volts tse 5 ho tsoa khokahanong ea USB kapa mohloling o mong oa matla o laoloang). O ka fana ka voltage ka pina ena, kapa, haeba e fana ka voltage ka jeke ea motlakase, e fihlelle ka phini ena.
- 5V. Matla a laoloang a sebelisoa ho matlafatsa microcontroller le likarolo tse ling ka boto. Sena se ka tsoa ho VIN ka molaoli oa board, kapa sa fanoa ke USB kapa phepelo e 'ngoe e laoloang ea 5V.
- 3V3. Phepelo ea 3.3-volt e hlahisoa ke molaoli oa onboard. Tekanyo e phahameng ea hona joale ke 50 mA.
- GND. Lithako tsa fatše.
Mohopolo
ATmega328 e na le 32 KB (e nang le 0.5 KB e sebelisetsoang bootloader). E boetse e na le 2 KB ea SRAM le 1 KB ea EEPROM (e ka baloang le ho ngoloa ka laebrari ea EEPROM).
Kenyeletso le Sephetho
E 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea lithakhisa tse 14 tse ho Uno e ka sebelisoa e le tlhahiso kapa tlhahiso, ho sebelisoa pinMode(), digitalWrite(), le digitalRead() function. Li sebetsa ka matla a 5 volts. Pini e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ka fana kapa ea amohela boholo ba 40 mA 'me e na le mochine o ka hare oa ho hula (o khaotsoe ka ho sa feleng) oa 20-50 kOhms. Ho phaella moo, lithapo tse ling li na le
mesebetsi e khethehileng:
- Seri: 0 (RX) le 1 (TX). E sebelisoa ho amohela (RX) le ho fetisa (TX) data ea seriale ea TTL. Lithakhisa tsena li hokahane le lithakhisa tse tsamaellanang tsa chip ea ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial.
- Litšitiso tsa Kantle: 2 le 3. Lithakhisa tsena li ka hlophisoa ho tsosa tšitiso ka boleng bo tlaase, moeli o nyolohang kapa o theohang, kapa phetoho ea boleng. Sheba tšebetso ea attachInterrupt() bakeng sa lintlha.
- PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, le 11. Fana ka tlhahiso ea 8-bit ea PWM ka mosebetsi oa analogWrite ().
- SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). Lithakhisa tsena li tšehetsa puisano ea SPI ka ho sebelisa laebrari ea SPI.
- LED: 13. Ho na le LED e hahiloeng e kopantsoeng le pin ea digital 13. Ha pinana e le HIGH value, LED e ntse e le teng, ha pin e le LOW, e tima.
Uno e na le lisebelisoa tse 6 tsa analog, tse ngotsoeng A0 ho ea ho A5, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e fana ka li-bits tse 10 tsa tharollo (ke hore, litekanyetso tse fapaneng tsa 1024). Ka nako e sa lekanyetsoang ba lekanya ho tloha fatše ho ea ho li-volts tse 5, leha ho le joalo na hoa khoneha ho fetola ntlha e ka holimo ea mefuta ea bona ka ho sebelisa pin ea AREF le mosebetsi oa analogReference ()? Ho feta moo, lipampitšana tse ling li na le ts'ebetso e khethehileng:
- I2C: 4 (SDA) le 5 (SCL). Tšehetsa puisano ea I2C (TWI) ka ho sebelisa laeborari ea Wire. Ho na le likarolo tse ling tse 'maloa holim'a lebokose:
- AREF. Reference voltage bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa analoge. E sebelisoa le analogReference().
- Seta bocha. Tlisa mohala ona LOW ho seta microcontroller bocha. Ka tloaelo e sebelisoa ho kenya konopo ea reset ho lithebe tse thibelang e leng botong.
- Bona hape 'mapa lipakeng tsa lithakhisa tsa Arduino le likou tsa ATmega328?
Puisano
Arduino UNO e na le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa ho buisana le k'homphieutha, Arduino e 'ngoe, kapa li-microcontrollers tse ling. ATmega328 e fana ka puisano ea serial ea UART TTL (5V), e fumanehang ho li-digital pins 0 (RX) le 1 (TX). ATmega8U2 e botong e tsamaisa puisano ena ea serial holim'a USB 'me e hlaha e le sebaka sa marang-rang sa komporo ea komporo. Firmware ea '8U2 e sebelisa li-driver tse tloaelehileng tsa USB COM mme ha ho hlokahale mokhanni oa kantle. Leha ho le joalo, ho Windows, a .inf file e a hlokahala. Software ea Arduino e kenyelletsa sebali sa serial se lumellang hore data e bonolo ea mongolo e romelloe le ho tsoa ho boto ea Arduino. Li-LED tsa RX le TX boto li tla khanya ha data e fetisoa ka USB-to-serial chip le khokahanyo ea USB khomphuteng (empa eseng bakeng sa puisano ea serial ho pins 0 le 1). Laeborari ea SoftwareSerial e lumella puisano ea serial ho efe kapa efe ea liphini tsa dijithale tsa Uno. ATmega328 e boetse e tšehetsa puisano ea I2C (TWI) le SPI. Software ea Arduino e kenyelletsa laeborari ea Wire ho nolofatsa ts'ebeliso ea bese ea I2C; sheba litokomane bakeng sa lintlha. Bakeng sa puisano ea SPI, sebelisa laeborari ea SPI.
Lenaneo
Arduino Uno e ka hlophisoa ka software ea Arduino (jarolla). Khetha "Arduino Uno ho tsoa ho Lisebelisoa> Boto ea menu (ho ea ka microcontroller boto ea hau). Bakeng sa lintlha, bona litšupiso le lithupelo. ATmega328 ho Arduino Uno e tla e chesitsoe esale pele ka bootloader e u lumellang ho kenya khoutu e ncha ho eona ntle le ts'ebeliso ea software ea kantle ea hardware. E buisana ka ho sebelisa protocol ea pele ea STK500 (referense, sehlooho sa C files). U ka boela ua feta bootloader le ho hlophisa microcontroller ka sehlooho sa ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming); sheba litaelo tsena bakeng sa lintlha. Khoutu ea mohloli oa firmware ea ATmega8U2 ea fumaneha. ATmega8U2 e jere bootloader ea DFU, e ka sebelisoang ka ho hokahanya jumper ea solder ka morao ho boto (haufi le 'mapa oa Italy) ebe o tsosolosa 8U2. Joale u ka sebelisa Atmel's FLIP software (Windows) kapa DFU programmer (Mac OS X le Linux) ho kenya firmware e ncha. Kapa u ka sebelisa hlooho ea ISP ka moqapi oa kantle (ho ngola bootloader ea DFU holimo). Sheba thuto ena e tlatselitsoeng ke basebelisi bakeng sa lintlha tse ling.
Seta botjha (Software) ka ho iketsa
Sebakeng sa ho hloka hore o tobetse konopo ea reset pele o kenya, Arduino Uno e entsoe ka tsela e lumellang hore e ka hlophisoa bocha ke software e sebetsang komporong e hokahaneng. E 'ngoe ea melapo ea ho laola phallo ea hardware (DTR) ea ATmega8U2 e hokahane le mohala oa reset oa ATmega328 ka 100 nano farad capacitor. Ha mohala ona o tiisitsoe (o nkuoe tlase), mohala oa ho seta o theoha nako e telele ho lekana ho qala chip. Software ea Arduino e sebelisa bokhoni bona ho u lumella ho kenya khoutu ka ho tobetsa feela konopo ea ho kenya tikolohong ea Arduino. Sena se bolela hore bootloader e ka ba le nako e khuts'oane, kaha ho theoleloa ha DTR ho ka hokahanngoa hantle ha ho qala ho kenya.
Setupo sena se na le litlamorao tse ling. Ha Uno e hokahane le komporo e sebelisang Mac OS X kapa Linux, e beha bocha nako le nako ha khokahano e etsoa ho tsoa ho software (ka USB). Bakeng sa halofo ea motsotsoana kapa ho feta, bootloader e ntse e sebetsa ho Uno. Ha e ntse e hlophiselitsoe ho iphapanyetsa data e sa sebetseng hantle (ke hore eng kapa eng ntle le ho kenya khoutu e ncha), e tla thibela li-byte tsa pele tsa data tse rometsoeng boto kamora hore khokahano e buloe. Haeba sketch e sebetsang botong e fumana tlhophiso ea nako e le 'ngoe kapa lintlha tse ling ha e qala, etsa bonnete ba hore software eo e buisanang le eona e emetse motsotsoana ka mor'a ho bula khokahanyo le pele o romela data ena. Uno e na le mohlala o ka sehiloeng ho tima ho seta botjha. Li-pads tse ka mahlakoreng a mabeli a trace li ka rekisoa hammoho ho li nolofalletsa hape. E ngotsoe “RESET-EN”. U ka boela ua khona ho tima "auto-reset" ka ho hokahanya mochine oa 110-ohm ho tloha 5V ho ea ho reset line; sheba khoele ena ea forum bakeng sa lintlha.
USB Overcurrent Tšireletso
Arduino Uno e na le fuse e ka sebelisoang hape ea poly e sirelletsang likou tsa USB tsa komporo ea hau ho borikhoe bo bokhutšoane le bo fetelletseng. Le hoja lik'homphieutha tse ngata li fana ka tšireletso ea tsona ka hare, fuse e fana ka tšireletso e eketsehileng. Haeba ho feta 500 mA e kentsoe boema-kepeng ba USB, fuse e tla senya khokahanyo ka bo eona ho fihlela bokhuts'oane kapa bo boima bo tlosoa.
Litšobotsi Tsa 'Mele
Bolelele le bophara bo boholo ba Uno PCB ke 2.7 le 2.1 inches ka ho latellana, 'me sehokelo sa USB le jack ea matla e fetela ka nģ'ane ho tekanyo ea pele. Likoti tse 'nè tsa screw li lumella boto hore e hoketsoe holim'a bokaholimo kapa mokotla. Hlokomela hore sebaka se lipakeng tsa phini ea dijithale 7 le 8 ke 160 mil (0.16″), eseng le makhetlo a mangata ho 100 mil sebaka sa liphini tse ling.
Arduino UNO Reference Design
Meralo ea Litšupiso E FUMANA "JOALOKAHA E LE" LE "KA MOLAO OHLE". Arduino E HLOKOMELA LITLHAKISO TSE LING TSOHLE, E HLAHALA KAPA E BONAHALA, Arduino e ka etsa liphetoho ho litlhaloso le litlhaloso tsa sehlahisoa ka nako efe kapa efe, ntle le tsebiso. Moreki ha aa tlameha ho ameha ka LIHLAHISO, HO kenyeletsoa EMPA HO SA LEKELETSOE, LITIISETSO TSE FELENG TSA HO REKA KAPA HO LOKELA HO SEBELISA MORERO O KHETHEHILENG ho itšetlehile ka ho ba sieo kapa litšobotsi tsa likarolo leha e le life kapa litaelo tse ngotsoeng "beiloe" kapa "tse sa hlalosoang." Arduino e boloka tsena bakeng sa tlhaloso ea nako e tlang 'me e ke ke ea ba le boikarabelo leha e le bofe bakeng sa likhohlano kapa ho se lumellane ho bakoang ke liphetoho tse tlang ho bona. Lintlha tsa sehlahisoa ho Web Sebaka kapa Lisebelisoa li ka fetoha ntle le tsebiso. Se ke oa phethela moralo ka tlhahisoleseling ena.
Khoasolla PDF: Arduino ATMEGA328 SMD Breadboard User Manual
